Mohammed Hessami*
Knee surgery has evolved significantly over the years, driven by advancements in technology, surgical techniques, and a deeper understanding of knee anatomy and biomechanics. This article explores the history of knee surgery, from early procedures to modern minimally invasive techniques. It examines common knee conditions that may require surgery, such as ligament injuries, meniscal tears, and osteoarthritis. Various surgical approaches, including arthroscopy, ligament reconstruction, and joint replacement, are discussed in detail, highlighting their indications, procedures, outcomes, and potential complications. Additionally, emerging trends in knee surgery, such as regenerative medicine and robotics, are explored, offering insights into the future of this field.