Spandana Vakapalli
Apoptosis is the organized cell death which retains the death equilibrium in metazoan cells; it is categorized by membrane blebbing, cell shrinkage, and condensation of the chromatin. Primarily two major signaling pathways activate apoptotic cell death: the mitochondrial (the intrinsic) pathway and the death receptor (the extrinsic) pathway. DRs—for example, Fas (also known as CD95), Trail receptor, or TNFR1—induce apoptosis by straight recruiting a caspase-activation stand upon binding to their individual ligand. The Mitochondrial pathway is triggered by the loss of reliability of the mitochondrial outer membrane, which allows the discharge of pro-apoptotic factors (e.g., cytochrome c) from the mitochondria into the cytosol. This process is carried out by the Bcl2 protein family. As soon as in the cytosol, cytochrome c brings the assembly of a caspase- activation complex: the apoptosome.