Azham Kamele
Background: One of the most prevalent chronic diseases that affect children is type 1 diabetes. Transaction between hereditary weakness and natural variables is remembered to give the central component to the sickness. Aside from the Significant Histocompatibility locus which is the fundamental supporter of chance vulnerability, in excess of 40 loci are perceived. The CTLA-4 is one of these, but the data from the literature are disputed. Our research sought to determine whether CTLA4 49 A/G served as a risk factor for the onset of type 1diabetes in a group of Egyptian families.
Subjects and methods: This is a case-control study with 88 Egyptian families that have at least one index case younger than 18 years old. The control group consisted of 369 healthy, unrelated individuals who did not have a diabetes or autoimmune disease family history.
738 samples, including 369 controls and 88 families (88 patients, 125 siblings, and 156 parents), were used to test for CTLA4 49 A/G using PCRRFLP.
Results: The average age of onset ranged from 6 days to 12.5 years, with a median of 5 years and a mean of 5.3 3.6. 51 cases presented with classic symptoms, while 37 cases presented with diabetic ketoacidosis. Twentytwo of the cases had a history of viral infection or exanthematous disease, and four of them had autoimmune diseases that were associated with it. CTLA4 +49 A/G genotype or allele frequencies were not found to be significantly different in any of the groups. Neither the age of onset nor the mode of presentation were correlated with the various genotypes.
Conclusions: In our cohort, the CTLA4 49 A/G polymorphism was not identified as a risk factor. Due to the low incidence of autoimmune diseases, this may be the case. This is the first study involving families to our best knowledge. In order to prevent other autoimmune diseases from interfering with data analysis and making people more likely to develop type 1diabetes, we recommend that all studies on risk factors for the disease include thorough examination of those conditions.
KeywordsType 1 diabetes; CTLA-4 Risk susceptibility